ROS2: Cannot run my Python script, "No executable found" error

You didn’t mention what exact command you invoked when you got this error message.

If you are trying to call ros2 run ... that won’t work since that command expects the executable to be in the path <install-prefix>/lib/<pkgname>. Your script rtcm_publisher_old is likely being installed into <install-prefix>/bin and is therefore already on the PATH. You should be able to invoke the executable directly using just the name.