It appears that your sources are outdated. Looking at the state of the apt repository the last synced version of ros-kinetic-moveit-core_0.9.11-0xenial-20180514-044352-0800_amd64.deb
(note that while the ROS package version is the same, the build timestamp is different.
I recommend having a look at docker best practices regarding apt-get: https://docs.docker.com/v17.09/engine/userguide/eng-image/dockerfile_best-practices/#run
Doing the update in the same RUN statement as the install should hopefully fix your problem:
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y ros-kinetic-moveit-core ... \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
HTH